Local scour at offshore windfarm monopile foundations: A review

In this article, current research findings of local scour at offshore windfarm monopile foundations are presented. The scour mechanisms and scour depth prediction formulas under different hydrodynamic conditions are summarized, including the current-only condition, wave-only condition, combined wave-current condition, and complex dynamic condition. Furthermore, this article analyzes the influencing factors on the basis of classical equations for predicting the equilibrium scour depth under specific conditions. The weakness of existing researches and future prospects are also discussed. It is suggested that future research shall focus on physical experiments under unsteady tidal currents or other complex loadings. The computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method and artificial intelligence technique are suggested being adopted to study the scour at offshore windfarm foundations.     

Study on maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic array in irregular shadow

Traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods can hardly find global maximum power point (MPP) because output characteristics curve of photovoltaic (PV) array may have multi local maximum power points in irregular shadow, and thus easily fall into the local maximum power point. To address this drawback, Considering that sliding mode variable structure (SMVS) control strategy have such advantages as simple structure, fast response and strong robustness, and P&O method have the advantages of simple principle and convenient implementation, so a new algorithm combining SMVS control method and P&O method is proposed, besides, PI controller is applied to reduce system chattering caused by switching sliding surface. It is applied to MPPT control of PV array in irregular shadow to solve the problem of multi-peak optimization in partial shadow. In order to verity the rationality of the proposed algorithm, the experimental circuit is built, which achieves MPPT control by means of the proposed algorithm and P&O method. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional P&O algorithm, the proposed algorithm can fast track the global MPP, tracking speed increases by 60% and the relative error decreased by 20%. Moreover, the system becomes more stable near the MPP, the fluctuations of output power is greatly reduced, and thus make full use of solar energy.     

BEM analysis of thin structures for thermoelastic problems

A new boundary element method is developed for solving thin-body thermoelastic problems in this paper. Firstly, the novel regularized boundary integral equations (BIEs) containing indirect unknowns are proposed to cancel the singularity of fundamental solutions. Secondly, a general nonlinear transformation available for high-order geometry elements is introduced in order to remove or damp out the near singularity of fundamental solutions, which is crucial for accurate solutions of thin-body problems. Finally, the domain integrals arising in both displacement and its derivative integral equations, caused by the thermal loads, are regularized using a semi-analytical technique. Six benchmark examples are examined. Results indicate that the proposed method is accurate, convergent and computationally efficient. The proposed method is a competitive alternative to existing methods for solving thin-walled thermoelastic problems.     

环境荷载联合作用下海上风电结构动力响应分析

为研究海上风电结构在复杂的海洋环境中承受环境荷载(风、波、冰、流)的联合作用时,结构产生的剧烈的动力响应问题。文章以三脚架基础海上风电结构为研究对象,采用ANSYS有限元软件建立其整体模型并进行荷载(风、波、流和风、冰、流)联合作用下的静力校核,通过对环境荷载联合作用下的三脚架基础海上风电结构进行瞬态分析,掌握其动力响应的特性及规律。结果表明:三脚架基础结构的一、二阶自振频率均为0.285Hz,在所选风机允许的频率范围内,可以保证整体结构不会与风机转动发生共振;风荷载在风、波、流荷载联合作用下主导控制结构响应的稳态波动,冰荷载在风、冰、流荷载联合作用下主导控制结构的稳态振动过程;塔筒顶端呈现的位移和加速度响应均远大于三脚架基础顶端;环境荷载联合作用下结构动力响应是环境荷载单独作用下动力响应叠加的结果。     

定长槽单向弥散方程的理论解及其应用

论文导出了定长槽的单向弥散方程解。解包含槽下游封闭和开敞并伴有流速的两种条件。根据定长槽和半无限长槽单向弥散方程解的比较结果,只要弥散系数D和流速u相等,且弥散前锋尚未到达定长槽下游边界以前,那么两者相对浓度C/C0的分布相同。据此,可取定长槽进行试验,而用相应于半无限长的简单公式计算分析。     

施工支洞塌方处理措施

以江苏溧阳抽水蓄能电站工程施工支洞为对象,主要介绍了处理施工支洞塌方的施工程序及处理方法。     

信江流域生态健康预测分析

将压力-状态-响应(pressure-state-response,PSR)模型、网络层次分析法(analytic network process,ANP)和元胞自动机—马尔科夫模型(cellular automaton-Markov,CA-Markov)模型3种方法进行耦合,建立流域生态健康预测模型。基于1990、2000、2010和2020年的资料,选用物元分析法、TOPSIS法以及模糊综合评价法对信江流域生态健康进行分析。结果显示:1990—2000年,信江流域生态健康状态为I等,处于"很健康"水平;2001—2010年,信江流域的生态健康状况持续恶化,达到V等,处于"病态"水平;但预测结果显示在21世纪20年代,信江流域健康得到改善并上升至Ⅲ等,达到"亚健康"水平,虽有所好转,但是仍需重视健康管理和维护。     

水工黏土基胶凝材料力学性能试验

为研制水工用黏土基胶凝材料,以航道护岸黏性弃土为主要原料,以试件抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度及水稳定性作为控制指标,进行了水泥、石膏、矿粉等无机结合料掺量对黏土基胶凝材料力学性能影响的试验研究,并采用扫描电子显微镜分析试件的微观结构。结果表明:在黏性弃土、水泥、矿粉、石膏及石灰掺量分别为65%、18%、10%、2%和5%时,可获得28 d抗压强度达25.6 MPa、浸水强度达24.1 MPa、劈裂抗拉强度达2.5 MPa的黏土基胶凝材料;在不同的水化龄期,黏土基胶凝材料均生成了C-S-H凝胶等水泥基胶凝物质,这些产物相互交织、紧密结合,有效提高了材料的力学性能;该黏土基胶凝材料强度高、水稳定性好,可满足水运工程应用要求。     

An experimental study of impact loading on deck of shore-connecting jetties exposed to oblique waves and current

The impact pressure from waves is an important issue to be considered in the design of coastal structures. In this paper, the waves acting on the deck of a shore-connecting jetty on a slope exposed to oblique waves and in the presence of current are examined based on laboratory experiments. The impact pressures are measured on a 1：50 scale model of a jetty head with down-standing beams and berthing members. The relations of the impact pressure with the incident wave angle and the current velocity are examined. It is shown that the impact pressure is sensitive to the wave angle and the current velocity. A computational model for the impact load on the deck of shore-connecting jetties exposed to oblique waves and current is developed.     

岛礁地形抛石护岸稳定性试验研究

岛礁地形是一种特殊的海岸形式,国内外学者对波浪在岛礁地形上的传播变形研究较多,但对于岛礁地形上的护岸工程研究较少,缺乏对关键设计参数的研究。以马尔代夫机场岛护岸工程为例,通过比例尺为1:10的波浪水槽物理模型试验,分析研究了3种不同岸坡宽度、4种不同水深和波浪组合工况下的护面块石稳定性。结果表明,前沿岸坡宽度,即护岸坡脚至礁缘之间的距离是影响抛石护岸稳定性的重要因素。在同样水深、波况及护岸块石质量条件下,护面块石的失稳率随岸坡宽度的增加而减小。进一步分析发现,为保障护岸安全,抛石护岸外坡坡脚宜布置于波浪破碎点之后,且与破碎点之间距离不应小于浅水波长的26%,即0.26T$ \sqrt{g h_{\mathrm{e}}}$。